Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is listed in recent data as the fifth most common cause of cancer with 750,000 new cases of HCC per year and the second cancer- related death worldwide. It is defined by the World Health Organization as primary malignancy of the liver composed of epithelial cells showing hepatocellular differentiation. The main risk factors include viral hepatitis B and C, alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis among others. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing liver diseases and more specifically HCC. In biliary specimens, cholangiocarcinoma is the usual type of carcinoma diagnosed. Few cases of HCC were reported in bile duct brushing (BDB) series , however, none was described in bile duct aspiration cohorts. To our knowledge we report the first case of HCC diagnosed in extra-hepatic bile cytology confirmed by liver biopsy.