Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology with potential benefits in the realms of rehabilitation assessment, treatment, and research. VR enables presentation of ecologically valid stimulus environments that reflect the challenges of everyday life that tax executive functions. However, executive demands are being elicited in a relatively safe environment. Executive functions are cognitive processes that allow humans to select, control, and monitor their behaviors. They include inhibition of impulses, mental manipulation of information, reasoning, planning, problem-solving, and executive control in the form of complex attentional processes, such as vigilance, sustained attention, selective attention, and shifting and dividing attention among multiple tasks simultaneously. Degree of congruence between VR and real-world environments is important given that one of the criticisms of current executive functioning measures and rehabilitation care is that even evidence-based interventions do not consistently generalize to patients’ home, school, or work settings. In addition to enhanced generalizability, VR studies have demonstrated that patients/ subjects are more motivated in virtual environments than conventional settings. VR has proven successful in simulating and training in various settings, including education, military operations, operation of vehicles and airplanes, and in medicine. Although initial applications of VR in specific medicine and psychology specialties have demonstrated promise, little is yet known about how to effectively integrate VR into the rehabilitation realm.