Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that affects a patient's movement, balance, and muscle control such as sluggish movement, and the appearance of advanced cognitive dysfunction and subtle language problems may occur. Today, after Alzheimer's disease, PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. The incidence of this disease depends on old age such as PD affects 1-2% of the population over the age of 60, but this rate increases to 4-5% at 85 years of age. In Vietnam, the incidence of PD compared to other neurological diseases is about 1.6%. The causes of PD are currently unknown, but researchers believe that the environment and genetics are the two factors that play the biggest role in PD. To date, scientists have found a link between genetic modification and a small percentage of Parkinson's onset patients under the age of 50. However, the role of genes is less commonly found in cases of late-onset disease. Genetics, in particular, mutant genes play a more important role in the early onset of Parkinson's disease. At least 13 loci and 9 genes studied have been linked to PD, but only 6 genes have been found to be associated with Mendelian genetics. Recent studies have focused on the transformation of these six genes, the functions of the proteins that encoded by them, the mutated proteins, and the pathways they are involved in. The genes related to PD are present inside the brain including the genes PARK1, PARK2, PINK1, LRRK2, PARK - 6 located on chromosome 1, and the Cytochrome P450 gene (CYP2D6).