Recurrent Arteriovenous Fistula as a Rare Complication of Coronary Angiography by Transradial Approach
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Coronary catheterization using a radial access site as opposed to a femoral access site has been associated with many benefits, such as reduced cost, decreased mortality, and fewer complications in establishing arterial access. Access site vascular complications, including groin hematoma, pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistula (AVF), arterial dissection, arterial perforation, and neurological deficits have all been shown to be significantl\ reduced via transradial approach compared to the transfemoral approach. Major bleeding following coronary artery catheterization remains an independent predicator of mortality. Recent studies have yielded promising results demonstrating a reduction in bleeding risk when comparing a transradial approach to a transfemoral approach. Ðe RIFLE-STEACS trial found a 47% reduction in the rate of access site related bleeding complications as well as an overall decrease in cardiac death. Ðe transradial approach has also gained favor with patients as it is associated with increased comfort and a decreased time to ambulation following the procedure. Iatrogenic AVF is a rare vascular complication, which may result from coronary angiography. Ðe incidence of AVF formation following a transfemoral approach has been well documented. However there are far fewer publications that discuss AVF formation following a transradial approach.