The ability to match other’s speech patterns is present from early on in post-natal development. From the earliest months, babies placed near each other not only babble but babble in turn. Linguistic analyses of babbling suggest that not only are babies engaging in turn-taking but also communicating based on matching of various parameters of speech. This is an early sign of language being shaped or reinforced by another person, consistent with Skinner’s notion of a reinforcing verbal community as well as Chomsky’s ideas of internal language abilities that are ready to be elicited. In addition to hearing problems and socio-economic variables, challenges to these opportunities for social exchange include a variety of neurological problems affecting various brain regions. Regardless of the specific etiology, the critical point is that babies deprived of these early exchanges may fall out of developmental sequence, which in turn can blunt social conversational skill development and possibly the development of relevant neural pathways.

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