Recently a few advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. The autosomal dominant PD caused by the mutations in SNCA, LRRK2, and VPS35 genes and PINK1, DJ-1, and Parkin are responsible for an autosomal recessive form of PD. SNCA and PINK1 proteins have a remarkable contribution in the disease enhancement of Parkinson’s disease. It also associated with the early onset form of the disorder, which begins before the age of 50. Alpha-synuclein protein, that is enormously present in neurons. It is highly conserved proteins, which controls the vesicular neurotransmission as well as regulate the dopamine neurotransmission. A point mutation and missense mutation have been reported in the gene SNCA at PARK1 locus and the Cytogenetic Location: 4q22.1, which is the long (q) arm of chromosome 4 at position 22.1. The numerous mutational changes in the SNCA gene disturb the normal function of the Alpha-synuclein protein. It regulates the abnormal aggregation of protein to form insoluble fibrils associated with lewy bodies. The unusual accumulation of the protein leads to cell damage and ultimately neuronal death.